The international banking market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The global financial market - Essay Example Universal financial action kept on extending , impelled by banks' significant acquisition of protections and the arrival of Japanese banks to the worldwide financial market. The cross-fringe cases of banks in the revealing territory expanded by $110 billion .select not many, most outstandingly Mexico and Turkey. Another eminent advancement in the primary portion of it was a sharp increment in store streams from creating nations to universal banks, emerging from an improvement in the outer situation of oil-trading nations.. Interbank action eased back , as was normal after the phenomenal flood in loaning to banks in the created nations in the primary quarter. Somewhat, banks in the revealing region loosened up the enormous interbank places that they had developed during the primary quarter, with reserves moving from banking focuses in the euro zone to London and afterward being passed on to Tokyo, Zurich, the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands. In spite of streams from banks in the United Kingdom to their branches in the Caribbean, revealing banks' cases vis- - vis banks in seaward focuses kept on declining in the subsequent quarter. ... As indicated by the merged financial measurements, Japanese and UK banks were answerable for the vast majority of the expansion in detailing banks' cases on US banks Stores by creating nations take off The progressing withdrawal of bank credit to creating nations reflects to a limited extent frail interest for outer financing. In spite of solid development in numerous nations, this year creating nations are relied upon to post their biggest current record surplus in two decades. The fortifying outer situation of oil-sending out nations is liable for the greater part of the improvement. Just as constraining outer financing needs, this improvement added to an enormous increment in building up nations' stores with outside banks. Streams to US non-banks outperform those to euro zone borrowers Acquisition of protections likewise represented the majority of the $57 billion ascent in claims on non-bank borrowers in the subsequent quarter. Later information on coordinated credits show a flood in loaning to telecom firms, recommending that immediate loaning to non-banks in Europe may have additionally recouped. Banks in the announcing region kept on buying significant measures of protections gave by non-bank borrowers in Europe. By the by, global bank streams to non-banks in the euro territory more than split to $20 billion, Banks occupant in the United Kingdom and the euro zone, which had given gigantic totals to non-bank borrowers in Banks' cross-outskirt guarantees on non-banks in the United States have expanded since late 1999. Recharged loaning by Japanese banks was financed to a limited extent through the universal interbank advertise. Considering changes in the two resources and liabilities, detailing banks moved upwards of $59 billion into banks in Japan in the subsequent quarter, the biggest increment in years. Further

Women in Politics Essay Example For Students

Ladies in Politics Essay Starting with the mid nineteen hundreds, ladies from everywhere throughout the nation have limited together, framing groups and clubs for equivalent rights. In any case, it wasnt until today â€Å"at the beginning of the twenty-first century, states and universal network can no longer disprove the way that humankind is comprised of two genders, not simply one† (Oliveria 26). Why has the woman’s move for correspondence quite recently begun to adjust itself? All things considered, the appropriate response is very straightforward; ladies are a little while ago being taken a gander at as semi-rises to. They are starting to become corporate administrators in organizations, and well known in the field of medication and law. Ladies have made a decent attempt to propel themselves forward in the public eye to make a reasonable and amicable economy thus far it has been fruitful. Boundaries of the sum total of what sorts have been broken, well, all aside from a couple, mostly in l egislative issues and with the data I have gathered I will show why. Politics†¦when one stops and thinks about the word â€Å"politics† what normally rings a bell? Our establishing fathers, Presidents George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson; the famous political figures of today, President Bill Clinton, George W. Hedge and Al Gore; or do we consider Belva Ann Lockwood, Jeannette Rankin, Frances Perkins, and Eugenie Moore who? When Americans consider legislative issues, Lyn Kathlene, writer for the â€Å"Higher Education Chronicles,† states that â€Å"ninety-five percent of the time they imagine a man who is responsible for running, or assisting with running, their country.† Is society to fault for this confusion that ladies don't hold significant jobs in government and take part in settling on significant choices for our nation? Not so much, individuals just don’t hear or read about ladies in legislative issues as frequently as they do about men. As a great many people learn all through rudimentary and middl e school or center school, our country originally framed government in 1776 when Thomas Jefferson initially drafted our constitution. During this time ladies didn't have a job in government, nor would they for the following one hundred and eight years, until a lady would attempt to pursue position. â€Å"In 1884, Belva Ann Lockwood †the main lady to attempt a case before the United States Supreme Court †ran for Presidency† (Arenofsky 14). All things considered, to nothing unexpected she lost, however her weighty battle made it conceivable and simpler for Jeannette Rankin, thirty after three years, to run and become chosen for Congress for the territory of Montana. Be that as it may, even with this earth shattering experience, ladies were as yet looked downward on for their absence of experience. It wasn’t until 1920 when womens testimonial finished and the nineteenth amendment to the constitution, conceding ladies the option to cast a ballot, that ladies were officially brought into legislative issues. Nonetheless, even with casting a ballot benefits, ladies were still taken a gander at as frail weak animals. The absence of certainty and the powerlessness to be viewed as solid disapproved of females who were not hesitant to voice their feeling hurt the female sex colossally. It wasn’t until â€Å"Eleanor Roosevelt, spouse of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, mismatched the nation talking about social issues and filling in as the quintessential good example for the politically dynamic female† that ladies started to observe how to introduce themselves with certainty (Arenofsky 14). At long last, with womens certainty on the ascent and their new understanding and mentalities toward government, ladies were beginning to accomplish a higher status in the political field. The huge break for ladies originated from the choice by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who in 1933 delegated Frances Perkins to the bureau as Secretary of work (Hogan 4). With this enormous break, ladies were at last pushing ahead in government and there was no thinking back. Things being what they are, after the entirety of this difficult work and devotion by early women's activists to accomplish a voice in legislative issues, was it worth the battles and did it pay off? Rosiska Darcy de Oliveria, columnist for the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Courier, accepts so. She states, womens ascend to control and their support in legislative issues are the indispensable indications of a sound majority rules system, which would bode well since the United States is a free nation whe re everybody is assume to be equivalent to their neighbor (26). Notwithstanding, others accept that political ladies are

Theatre as Philosophy :: essays research papers

- Theater as Philosophy-      The development of theater is a long and complex story. What once started as a custom to the antiquated divine beings has since formed into a detailed assessment of humanity. Theater began in Ancient Greece as a festival to the god Dionysius, where novice entertainers would move and sing so as to emulate him. Thusly, as the Greek Empire grew did as well, theater. Before the finish of the Greek Empire, contents were being composed, theaters were being manufactured, and proficient entertainers were being utilized. The convention of theater kept on prospering with the ascent of the Roman Empire. This age saw incredible dramatists, for example, Seneca, Terence, and Plautus become extraordinary social symbols, playing out their plays in lavish fields known as arenas. By and by, the Roman Empire fell offering path to the Medieval Period, where governments were frail permitting feudalism to get common. This nonattendance of intensity prompted a timeframe where theater was add itionally missing. As time advanced performance center rose again and got well known all through the world. Every domain had its own specific manner of demonstrating these plays, which either managed puzzle of ethical quality. In the end the Medieval Period offered path to the Renaissance, whereupon countries formed into their own forces, inducing various styles of theater. All the previously mentioned timeframes and some others have framed performance center into what it is today. Regardless of whether a play, film, or even TVs appear, they all can be credited to the ever-advancing amusement we know as theater. In any case, regardless of the time or the type of theater, all make them thing in like manner. This is they present a way of thinking of life. At the end of the day, they present an actual existence exercise that means to scrutinize the present lifestyle. The genuine test is engaging a group of people while showing them simultaneously. In any case, this work of thought and delight is an absolute necessity. Any great performance center is provocative and pedantic, while as yet staying fascinating. The greater part of these extraordinary works, old or new, are introduced as either comedies or catastrophes, where incredible storylines plot the showy production’s life reasoning. Comedies ordinarily depict a philosophical significance using parody, while deplorable journalists use a progression of awful occasions to convey a message. Regardless of whether either, it is without a doubt important to include philosop hical significance into a work so as to instigate suspected inside the crowd.      Some dramatists accept their ethical exercise is best given a comedic covering.

Legality Research Assignment Paper Khela and Khosa Case - 275 Words

Legality Research Assignment Paper: Khela and Khosa Case (Essay Sample) Content: LegalityaName of AuthorName of institutionKhela and Khosa CaseIn the Khela and Khosa cases, judicial reviews of administrative decisions were presented to analyze the controversy of the cases involving murder and criminal negligence causing death. The administrative law is established to govern forms of public law such as the constitutional law, criminal law, and family law. The main purpose of administrative law is to make sure decisions of cases are compelling, in which the state is demonstrating a duty of fairness in the practice of the government. Most vitally, administrative law concerns the relationship between the state and the individual citizen, making sure it's duties to be fair. Both Khela and Khosa cases involved controversial judgments that each has strengths and weaknesses. The judicial reviews of administrative decisions in both cases were fair, however, there are certain elements within the decisions that are debatable.In the Khosa case, the main conce rn that arises in the context of administrative law is the "removal order" to India. The removal order was disputable since Mr. Khosa has challenged the Immigration Appeal Division of the Immigration and Refugee Board to continue residing in Canada.In the Khela case, the antagonistic situation which questions whether or not habeas corpus is the appropriate solution, ties to the context of the administrative law. The controversy in the Khela case was whether or not an inmate is suitable to apply for habeas corpus, and what beneficial outcomes there will be for applying.The final decisions of both cases focus on the role of judicial reviews of an administrative tribunal, which demonstrates the duties of fairness to the citizens. As a result, both decisions appear to be convincing in which the state is noticeably demonstrating a duty of fairness.StrengthsAn inmate can choose either to challenge the reasonableness of the decision by applying for judicial review in the Federal Court or t o have the decision reviewed for reasonableness by means of an application for habeas corpus. Reasonableness is therefore a legitimate ground upon which to question the legality of a deprivation of liberty in an application for habeas corpus. Therefore, an inmate has the right to information hence cannot be moved without procedural actions.The inmates were enabled to practice their democratic rights since they were not denied right to a fair trial.WeaknessesThe inmate was linked to initiating a criminal offence within the cell and possession of hard substances heroin.This was not considered during his application.Despite abundant evidence that the accused was extremely unlikely to reoffend and had taken responsibility for his actions, the IAD focused on a single fact of his denial that he was street racing and based its refusal to grant relief largely on that fact alone. While hes denial may well evidence some lack of insight, it cannot be said to contradict still less to outweigh , on a balance of probabilities all of the evidence in his favor on the issues of remorse, rehabilitation and likelihood of re-offense.Spousal SupportThe law views spousal relationships as financial partnerships. When the partnership breaks down, the person with more income or assets may have to pay support to the other. At the same time, the law expects adults to look after their own needs to the best of their abilities.To decide on how much spousal support and the length of time that it should be paid, the law says that judges must consider a number of factors, including how much the person asking for support needs to meet his or her needs, and how much the other person can afford to pay. A person may claim support to help him or her become financially self-sufficient or to keep from ending up in serious financial difficulty.Advisory Spousal Support Guidelines are available to help parties discuss the appropriate amount of spousal support to be paid. If the parties proceed to cour t, the court may consider these guidelines in determining how much spousal support should be paid, but they are not binding.In determining whether spousal support is appropriate and reasonable, and in determining the nature, amount, and terms of payment, and duration of spousal support, which is payable either in gross or in installments, the court shall consider all of the following factors:The income of the parties, from all sources, including, but not limited to, income derived from property divided, disbursed, or distributed. The following are included:The relative earning abilities of the parties;The ages and the physical, mental, and emotional conditions of the parties;The retirement benefits of the parties;The duration of the marriage;The extent to which it would be inappropriate for a party, becaus...

UC Berkeley Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of California Berkeley is a large public university with an acceptance rate of 15 percent. This makes the school one of the most selective public institutions in the country. If youre thinking of applying, here youll find important admissions data including the average SAT scores, ACT scores, and GPAs of successful applicants. Why UC Berkeley? Location: Berkeley, CaliforniaCampus Features: Berkeleys attractive 1,232-acre campus occupies enviable real estate in the San Francisco Bay area. Iconic Sather Tower dominates the skyline of the main campus, and other features include an ecological reserve and botanical garden.Student/Faculty Ratio: 18:1Athletics: The California Golden Bears compete in the NCAA Division I Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12).Highlights: For its many strengths, Berkeley often ranks near the top of the nations best public universities. It is also one of the nations top engineering schools and top business schools. Acceptance Rate For students who entered the University of California Berkeley in the 2018-19 academic year, the university had an acceptance rate of 15.1%. For every 15 students who were admitted, 85 students received rejection letters. Admissions Statistics (2018-19) Number of Applicants 89,627 Percent Admitted 15.1% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled 44.3% SAT Scores and Requirements All applicants to UC Berkeley must submit scores from either the SAT or ACT. For students entering the university in the 2018-19 academic year, 77% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. UC Berkeley SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 640 740 Math 660 790 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing If you compare SAT scores for the University of California system, youll see that Berkeley is the most selective of the nine undergraduate campuses. UCLA comes in a close second. When Berkeleys SAT numbers are compared to national SAT score ranges, youll find that nearly all admitted students scored in the top 20% of all test-takers. 50% of Berkeleys admitted students scored between a 640 and 740 on the evidence-based reading portion of the exam. This means 25% of admitted students got a 640 or lower, and the top 25% scored a 740 or higher. Scores on the math exam were even higher with the middle 50% scoring between 660 and 790. The bottom 25% got a 660 or lower, while the top quartile scored either a 790 or perfect 800. The most competitive applicants have a combined SAT score of 1450 or higher. Requirements The University of California at Berkeley requires students to take the essay component of the exam, and scores on the essay are used for both admissions and advising purposes. SAT Subject Tests are not required, but the university recommends that students applying to the College of Engineering and College of Chemistry submit scores from the Math Level 2 and a science Subject Test. Berkeley does not superscore the SAT exam, so they will consider your highest combined score from a single test date. ACT Scores and Requirements All first-year applicants must submit either SAT or ACT scores. Some applicants submit both. The SAT is more popular than the ACT at Berkeley. For the entering class of 2018-19, 47% submitted ACT scores. UC Berkeley ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 28 35 Math 27 35 Composite 28 34 The SAT is more popular than the ACT among Berkeley applicants, but both exams are equally acceptable. In a comparison of ACT scores for the nations top public universities, youll see that only Georgia Tech is more selective. Compared to all test-takers nationally, Berkeley students tend to be in the top 5%. The middle 50% of Berkeleys admitted students scored between a 28 and 34 on the exam. This means 25% of applicants scored a 28 or lower, while on the upper end 25% scored a 34 of higher. The most competitive applicants will be in this top quartile. Requirements Applicants must take the ACT Plus Writing, and the writing portion of the exam is used when evaluating applicants and during the student advising process. Students who take the ACT do not also need to take SAT Subject Tests, but a science and the Math Level 2 exam are recommended for engineering and chemistry applicants. UC Berkeley considers your highest ACT score from a single test date—the university does not superscore exams from multiple test dates. GPA and Class Rank The average high school GPA of all first-year students who enrolled at Berkeley in the 2018-19 academic year was a 3.89. 97.4% of all admitted students had GPAs of a 3.50 or higher. This suggests that you will be competitive for admission only if most of your grades are in the A range. Class rank numbers are also extremely high. 98% of admitted students were in the top 10% of their high school class, and 100% were in the top 25%. Graph of Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Data UC Berkeley Graph of Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Data. Graph courtesy of Cappex.   The GPA, SAT score, and ACT score data in the graph was self-reported by applicants to UC Berkeley. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances The graph reveals that high scores and a high GPA are no guarantee of admission—some students with excellent scores do not get in. There is quite a bit of red (rejected students) hidden behind the blue and green (admitted students) in the top of the graph.   Note that the reverse is also true—a few students were accepted with test scores and grades below the norm. Like all of the University of California schools, Berkeley has holistic admissions, so the admissions officers are evaluating students based on more than numerical data. Strong Personal Insight Essays, meaningful extracurricular involvement, and your demonstrated interest in your major can all play a role in the admissions process. Work experiences, community service, and your personal background can also be factors. As the graph shows, however, strengths in these non-academic areas will improve your chances of being admitted, but they wont compensate for grades or standardized test scores that are too far below the norm. Most important of all for admission to UC Berkeley is your academic performance, but Berkeley is looking at much more than your grades. The university wants to see grades that are trending upwards (or at least not downwards) as well as successful completion of challenging college preparatory classes such as AB, IB, and Honors. The university wants to admit students who show passion for learning and who have pushed themselves in high school. When applying to Berkeley, youll be safest if you consider it a reach school even if your grades and SAT/ACT scores are on target for admission.   Sources: Graph courtesy of Cappex; all other data from the National Center for Education Statistics, the UC Berkeley Office of Admissions, and the UC Berkeley Common Data Set.

The Struggle in Sylvia Plaths Lady Lazarus Essay - 702 Words

The Struggle in Lady Lazarusnbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; Lady Lazarus repeats the struggle between Nazi and Jew which is used in Daddy, with the Nazi atrocities a background across which the amazing, self-renewing speaker strides. The speaker orchestrates every aspect of her show, attempting to undermine the power an audience would normally have over her. She controls her body, instead of being a passive object of other eyes. The speaker orders her enemy to Peel off the napkin, telling the audience that there is a charge for her performance, but death to her is nothing but a big strip tease. Do I terrify? she asks rhetorically, she knows her effect on them. Lady Lazarus intentionally contributes to the spectacle that fetishises her;†¦show more content†¦No longer needing approval, she provides the answers. Her performance is self-sufficient, she does not need their applause. A propulsive quality in the poem is contributed by the assonances (all, call, well, hell, real, call, cell, theatrical) and the tercets, their succinctness adding to an inevitable motion towards the end. The repetitions also give her speech an incantatory quality. Lady Lazarus, as she remembers her first death, is given a choice between life and death, between the living, who had to call and call, and deaths vocation, I guess you could say Ive a call. The latter call to dying compels her in a way the other does not. The process of renewal is exhilirating, a childish, triumphant shriek accompanies it as she immolates herself. She rises out of the ashes, rejoicing in the power that she has over mere mortal men: I eat men like air. A contributing factor to the affective quality of Plaths work is that it appears so inseparable from the drama (and dramatisation) of her life and death. As Barbara Hardy notes, The personal presence in the poetry, though dynamic and shifting, makes itself felt in a full and large sense, in feeling, thinking, and language. (from Enlargement or Derangement? Ariel Ascending: Writings About Sylvia Plath, Paul Alexander, ed. (New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1985)) Like Lady Lazarus who co-ordinates her own performance, Plath is also in control, fully aware of the different perceptions herShow MoreRelatedSylvia Plaths Lady Lazarus1289 Words   |  6 PagesSylvia Plath, author of â€Å"Lady Lazarus†, is â€Å"widely considered one of the most emotionally evocative and compelling American poets of the postwar period† (â€Å"Plath, Sylvia: Introduction†). Plath was born in Boston, Massachusetts and her father died when she was eight. Plath attended Smith College and due to overwhelming conditions, she lapsed into a severe depression and overdosed on sleeping pills. After receiving psychiatric care, Plath enrolled in Newnham College where she met and married EnglishRead MoreFacing Death1034 Words   |  5 PagesLazarus of Bethany is the subject of a miracle recounted in the Bible where Jesus restores Lazarus to life after four days of being dead. Plath sees herself as the female Lazarus, who has been raised from the dead thre e times and thus a miracle. Like the sense of miracle, Plath sees her deaths like Lazarus’s for they don’t fall into the category of usual deaths. Sylvia Plath completed her masterpiece, Lady Lazarus, in the days before her suicide in 1963, while in a condition of disturbance, sufferingRead MoreEssay about Sylvia Plath1185 Words   |  5 PagesSylvia Plath This line is from Sylvia Plaths poem Lady Lazarus, one of many that helped make her an icon of modern American poetry. They have an eerie, prophetic quality, seeming to foreshadow the tragic death of this young writer. Understanding Sylvia Plaths words require a closer look at both her life and a few of her works. Though critics have described her writing as governed by negative vitalism, her distinct individuality has made her a conversation piece among those familiarRead MoreLady Lazarus, by Sylvia Plath1110 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Lady Lazarus† is a poem by Sylvia Plath, written in 1962 shortly before her death in early 1963, and published posthumously by her husband, poet Ted Hughes, in 1965 in the collected volume Ariel. â€Å"Lady Lazarus† is a poem about suicide as a rebirth, and was in part inspired by Plaths own life and draws heavily on Plaths lifelong struggle with bipolar depression and suicidal feelings, and uses holocaust imagery to paint a bleak portrait of suicide and hopelessness. Sylvia Plath was born in BostonRead MoreAnalysis Of Sylvia Plaths Mushrooms, Daddy And Lady Lazarus1012 Words   |  5 PagesThe collection of poems, Mushrooms, Daddy and Lady Lazarus by renowned poet Sylvia Plath, all detail similar values regarding the oppressive roles of women during the 50s and 60s. The prominent themes and values within her poetry reflect her own personal encounters, thoughts, relationships and her struggles with mental health. By adopting the gender and biographical critical perspectives, it allows the audience to explore Plath’s struggles as an oppressed woman with a mental disorder allowing herRead MoreAnalysis Of Sylvia Plath s Lady Lazarus 1661 Words   |  7 PagesFunny: Sylvia Plath’s Use of Humor in Lady Lazarus Humor and Sylvia Plath are words not generally heard in the same sentence. Although her poetry is widely read, we as a society tend to associate her writing with the inherent darkness in her words, and we tend to ignore everything else, particularly with regards to the poetry she wrote near the end of her life. The morbidity in her writing is most definitely there, but it is often expressed using humor. I will be examining Plath’s poem Lady LazarusRead More Rebirth in Sylvia Plaths Lady Lazarus, Fever 103, Getting There, and Cut1307 Words   |  6 PagesRebirth in Lady Lazarus, Fever 103, Getting There, and Cut  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   The Ariel-period poems of Sylvia Plath demonstrate her desire for rebirth, to escape the body that was drummed into use by men and society. I will illustrate the different types of rebirth with examples from the Ariel poems, including Lady Lazarus, Fever 103, Getting There, and Cut. Lady Lazarus, the last of the October poems, presents Plath as the victim with her aggression turned towards her male victimizerRead MoreImagery in Poems â€Å"Daddy† and â€Å"Lady Lazarus† by Sylvia Plath1470 Words   |  6 PagesIn poems of Sylvia Plath, entitled â€Å"Lady Lazarus† and â€Å"Daddy† some elements are similar, including used hostile imagery, gloomy atmosphere as well as recurring theme of suicide, but the poems differ in respect of the speaker’s point of view and attitude towards addressed person or unfavorable surroundings. These elements are employed by Plath in order to intensify the impact on her audience and convey all extreme emotions. Another issue that is considered to be worthy of thinking over is the questionRead MoreSylvia Plath s Life And Accomplishments892 Words   |  4 PagesSylvia Plath was born in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts on October 27, 1932. Plath’s family moved to Winthrop, Massachusetts when she w as four years old. When she was eight, her father, Otto Plath died, this was same year she published her first poem. Plath was a very hardworking, persistent student in high school. She was soon rewarded after her graduation with many published works and successes. Plath attended Smith College with two scholarships. At Smith, she excelled academically and achieved manyRead MoreOne Art By Sylvia Plath Critical Analysis1446 Words   |  6 Pagesloved one, loss comes to everyone in various forms. The nature of loss, however, makes it a rich topic for poetic endeavors. In both â€Å"One Art† by Elizabeth Bishop and â€Å"Lady Lazarus† by Sylvia Plath, the poets write to conceptualize and understand their losses, ultimately applying radically opposing solutions to the same emotional struggle. Elizabeth Bishop was a high-caliber poet known for her excellent use of form and technical genius. Suffering tragedy at a young age when â€Å"her father died, and shortly

Human Capital and Environmental Taxation and Policy

Question: Discuss about the Human Capital and Environmental Taxation and Policy. Answer: Introduction: As per the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 an assessee, Australian resident is liable to pay taxes on the assessable income computed in accordance with division 6. Tax on income is determined on the basis of nature of income as well as the time of income. In the given situation, taxability of Megan is to be determined who is a mining engineer and spends eight months of each year out of the country Australia for the purpose of work. In order to compute the assessability of Megans taxable income, it is essential to determine the residential status of Megan. Further, Megans annual income consists of the payment for superannuation payment made by the employer as well as her own contribution. During the financial year, Megans gross income amounted to $180,000 out of which she contributed $20,000 to the superannuation fund. In addition to this, Megan also accepted one-off payment amounted to $75,000, which is paid against the agreement for not rendering employment to any other company. Apart from that, Megan also performed freelance service for several mining organizations amount totaled to $121,000 that includes GST. Megan also received Christmas gifts amounted to $1,800 along with a cash gift amounted $5,000. The case also represents the receipt from designing of equipment as an intellectual property amounted to $440,000. Other than the income from employment and profession in mining, Megan also receives payment from painting activities amounted to $22,000 and received an award valued $33,000. Issues raised in the present case about inclusion of incomes and allowable deductions for the purpose of assessable income. Megan, the taxpayer wanted to exclude her income from equipment designing as an intellectual property right. She also wanted to exclude the income received from painting activities as a hobby that includes receipt of cash prize. However, commissioner of taxation system has contended that any income received by the individual during the current tax year is required to be included for the purpose of assessable income. Further, income received from the activities that are vocational or according to individuals hobby is required to be disclosed in the tax return. Law According to the Taxation Rulings (TR) 98/17, ITAA 97, an individual is regarded as Australian resident for the purpose of tax if such individual leaves the country on a temporary basis and does not set up or own a permanent home in another region (Somers Eynaud, 2015). In case the individual is a resident of Australia for the purpose of tax, then the individual is required to declare and disclose all the income earned within and outside Australia. The taxable income is measured by deducting the allowable expenses under taxation system from the assessable incomes of the assessee. As per the Taxation Ruling 2010/1 ITAA 97, it has been stated that the contribution in superannuation account made by employer and voluntary contribution shall be taxable at a rate of 15% in the books of the taxpayer (Savage et al., 2015). However, contribution from superannuation is exempted from assessable income if is received after the age of 75 years. Further, Receipt of payment as one-off for an agree ment required to be included in the assessment of income tax as per Australian Taxation System. Considering the provision of ITAA 97 TR 2005/13, gifts received by the individuals are not taxable if it is received as a small amount against small occasions or as a prize or awards (Budig, Misra Boeckmann, 2016). Analysis Considering the taxation rulings and provisions of ITAA 97, Megan is required to assess her income received from various mining companies and other sources. Firstly, in case of receipt of gross income $180,000 would be taxable including the amount contributed to superannuation fund. According the rulings on superannuation fund, amount of superannuation fund is taxable at 15% in case the receiver is under the age of 75. Since, the age is not mentioned in the case study, it has been assumed that Megan is under the age of 75 and accordingly, $180,000 shall be taxable under the normal tax scheme. On the other hand, superannuation contribution $20,000 would be taxable @15%. Further, receipt of one-off payment $75,000 would constitute as assessable income. Based on the decided case law of Dixon v. High Court in Federal Commissioner of Tax it has been considered that the amounts received by the employers are subjected to the tax if the payment is made during the period of service. Moreover, deductions related to the expense on generation of income are allowable as per the provisions under division 6 ITAA 97. Therefore, Megan is eligible to claim deductions for expenses incurred during the current tax year. Based on the decided case law Coles Myer Finance Pty Ltd v. FC of T93 ATC 4214 at 4222; (1993) 25 ATR 95 at 105, the issue on assessment of prepaid expenses as deduction to evaluate the taxable income was brought to the notice. The issue was regarding the attributable claim for deduction on prepaid expenses by the taxpayer as well as the timing of allowable deduction. Since the payment is prepaid, the commissioner contented that the expense would be allowed as deduction for the period it relates to. However, the taxpayer contended the prepayment to be deducted in the current taxation year because there was cash out flow. Considering the TR of ITAA 97, the court decided that the prepayment would be allowed as deduction only for the period it relates to i.e. t he deductible expense should be on accrual basis. Apart from the receipt of income from employer, Megan also received the income from freelancing services from several other mining organizations amounted to $121,000 that includes GST. According to the ITAA 97, any income received by the individual as a vocational service shall be taxable in the Australian Taxation System. Similarly, in the decided case law of Hayes v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation it has been observed that the court provided the judgment for inclusion of income received from the professional activities as assessable income. Moreover, the amount from freelancing work received by Megan includes Goods and Service Tax (GST). According to Australian Taxation System, if a taxpayer is eligible to claim credit on GST, then the total amount received from freelancing work shall be deducted by the amount of GST included. Therefore, amount of $121,000 would be taxable deducted by the amount of GST, as income from business and profession. Assessable income of the individual also considers the amount of gifts received from relatives or business associates. However, as per the provisions of ITAA 97 for the purpose of assessable income, gifts received as cash or as a property assets that includes shares and securities considered as exempted income. In the present case, Megan received vintage champagne, as a gift that is valued at $1,800 shall be included as an assessable income because it is neither a cash gift nor a property. On the other hand, cash gift amounted to $5,000 received by Megan would be an exempted income and not liable to be included in assessable income. Based on the decided case law of Harris v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation, high court provided the judgment that receipt of gifts cannot be considered as income of the taxpayer. However, the intention behind the gift donor shall not be of any monetary advantage and the gift should be in terms of cash or property. Similarly, awards winnings, prizes, winn ings from lotteries and such other rewards are not considered as the income of taxpayer. Accordingly, award won by Megan from an art industry valued at $33,000 would not be included in the assessable income. On the contrary, income received from the designing of mining equipment amounted to $440,000 included the intellectual property. Considering the provisions of Australian Taxation System, any income received from the business activity or professional activity, it should be included in the assessable income of the taxpayer. In the present situation, amount received from designing activity constitutes a professional activity therefore; the amount received from designing activity shall be included in the taxable income of Megan. Similarly, Megan also performs activities on landscape paintings through which she earned $22,000 from the exhibition of paintings. On the basis of the judgment of Federal Court by Commissioner of Taxation any income received from the performance of vocation courses or hobby activities would be constituted as taxable income. One of the important factors for determining the assessable income is residential status of the taxpayer. In the given case, Megan works for an Australian mining organization and stays out of the country for around 8 months for the work purpose. As per the taxation ruling (TR) 98/17 under Income Tax Assessment Act (ITAA) 1997, Megan does not have a permanent set up outside Australia therefore; she is considered an Australian resident. Megan is liable to pay taxes on her income generated from employment, professional services and other vocational activities. Accordingly, Megan is liable to include all the incomes received during the year except the cash gifts and awards received from the painting exhibition. Further, Megan is also eligible to claim credit on Goods and Service Tax because the payment received from freelancing work was included the amount of GST. All other income received by Megan would be included in the assessable income during the current year of tax. Conclusion Considering the elements of taxation rulings of ITAA97, an Australian resident for tax purpose is required to pay tax on assessable income that includes several incomes and deductible expenses. It has been observed that Megan is an Australian resident for taxation purpose even if she stays out of the country for 8 months. Since, she does not have a permanent set up out of Australia and travels abroad for the work purpose, Megan is a resident of Australia and required to pay taxes on the incomes received from different sources. Assessable income is measured by considering the incomes received deducted by the expenses incurred to generate the incomes as well as other exempted income. Megans taxable income includes income received from the employment in mining company as well as the voluntary superannuation fund would be taxable at a separate rate. Receipt of one- off payment of $75,000 would also be included in the assessable income of Megan, because it is a receipt against an agreement on restriction of rendering mining services for other company. However, Megans income from freelancing services would be included in the assessable income amounted to $121,000 against which she is eligible to claim for GST because the payment includes the amount of GST. Apart from that, Megan is required to include the amount received from designing in the tax return because it is an income received from professional service. Contention of Megan on non-disclosure of receipts from painting activities in the tax return is not tenable because any income generated from activities related to hobby or interest is taxable under other sources. On the contrary, cash award amounted to $33,000 received from the art industry is an exempted income as per the Australian Taxation System. Therefore, Megan is required to disclose the receipt of $22,000 in the t ax return as assessable income while cash prize amounted to $33,000 would be disclosed under the head exempted income. However, other gifts received by Megan including vintage champagne amounted to $1,800 would not be exempted. Since, the gift is not a cash gift nor it is a property asset $1,800 would be included in the assessable income during the current tax year. On the other hand, cash gift amounted to $5,000 would be considered as an exempted income as per the taxation rulings of ITAA 97. Therefore, Megan is liable to pay tax on assessable income at the current prevailing rate that specifies exemption for taxable income amounted to $18,200. Income beyond $18,200 is taxable at the prevailing tax slab plus a Medicare levy at the rate 2% on the total taxable income. Additionally, Megan is liable to pay tax on superannuation contribution at the rate 15% apart from the tax on business and salary income. References Budig, M. J., Misra, J., Boeckmann, I. (2016). WorkFamily Policy Trade-Offs for Mothers? Unpacking the Cross-National Variation in Motherhood Earnings Penalties.Work and Occupations,43(2), 119-177. Savage, M., Colgan, B., Callan, T., Walsh, J. R. (2015). Making Work Pay More: Recent Initiatives.Budget Perspectives 2016 Paper,2. Somers, R., Eynaud, A. (2015). 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